AXI-STREAM Protocol

Jan 9, 2024#FPGA106

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The AXI-Stream protocol is a simple and efficient data transfer protocol used for high-throughput data streaming. It is lighter and simpler than traditional AXI buses, and is suitable for applications that require high-speed data transfer. The protocol uses handshake signals like TVALID and TREADY for transfers, and data is transmitted in packets and frames. The interface signals include ACLK (global clock), ARSTn (global reset), TVALID (valid data from the host), TREADY (data can be received by the slave), TDATA (data width in multiples of bytes), TLAST (indicates packet boundaries), and TID (identity identifier for multiple data streams). Data transfer starts when TVALID and TREADY are both high on the rising edge of the clock. The AXI-Stream protocol eliminates the need for address transmission, reducing propagation delay.

Introduction to AXI-STREAM#

Concept#

AXI-Stream is an efficient and simple data transfer protocol, mainly used for high-throughput data streaming scenarios. Compared to traditional AXI buses, AXI-Stream is simpler and lighter. It transfers data from one module to another without the need for addresses, making it suitable for applications that require high-speed data transfer.

Partial Terminology#

Transfer: Transfer based on the TVALID and TREADY handshake protocol
Packet: A group of data transmitted through AXI-Stream
Frame: The largest byte combination that includes an integer number of packets

Interface Signals#

Signal	Description
ACLK	Global clock signal, rising edge triggered
ARSTn	Global reset signal, active low level
TVALID	Host drives valid data signal
TREADY	Slave can receive data signal
TDATA[(8n-1):0]	Width is a multiple of bytes
TLAST	Indicates the boundary of a data packet
TID	Identity identifier issued by the host, used to identify different data streams when multiple stream data transfers exist

Data transmission starts when both TVALID and TREADY are high on the rising edge of the clock.

Since AXI-Stream does not require address transmission and only performs simple sending and receiving, it reduces propagation delay.